Giffen goods, backward bending supply curves, price controls and praxeology; or, who’s afraid of the big bad boogie man of giffen goods and backward bending supply curves? Not us
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52195/pm.v9i1.238Abstract
What is the status of claims about the effects of minimum wage laws? Empirical or praxeological? We claim the latter. How can the effect of such legislation be best analyzed under the assumption of mis-behaving supply (backward bending) and demand (positively sloped, based on positing Giffen goods) curves? In the usual manner: resource misallocation still occurs. But this is only arguendo. More radically, such curves are themselves problematic. Even more radically, this, too, applies to «well behaved» supply and demand curves as well.
Key words: Backward Bending Supply Curves, Price Controls, Praxeology, Giffen Goods, Logical Positivism.
JEL Classification: D0.
Resumen: ¿Cuál es el status del análisis sobre los efectos de las leyes de salario mínimo? ¿Empírico o praxeológico? Nosotros defendemos lo se gundo. ¿Pueden analizarse mejor los efectos de dichas leyes suponiendo curvas de oferta y demanda anómalas (como las de los bienes Giffen)? Como en el nálisis tradicional se produce una mala asignación de recursos. En todo caso, tanto tales curvas, como las tradicionales son muy problemáticas.
Palabras clave: Control de precios, praxeología, bienes de Giffen, positivismo lógico.
Clasificación JEL: D0.
References
ANDERSON, William, BLOCK, Walter , DILORENZO, Thomas J. , MERCER, Ilana, SNYMAN, Leon and WESTLEY, Christopher (2001): «The Microsoft Corporation in Collision with Antitrust Law,» The Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies, Vol. 26, N.º 1, Winter, pp. 287-302.
ARMENTANO, Dominick T. (1972): The Myths of Antitrust, New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House.
— (1982): Antitrust and Monopoly: Anatomy of a Policy Failure, New York, Wiley.
— (1991): Antitrust Policy: The Case for Repeal, Washington, D.C.: The Cato Institute.
ARMSTRONG, Donald (1982): Competition versus Monopoly: Combines Policy in Perspective, Vancouver: The Fraser Institute.
BARNETT, William and BLOCK, Walter. Forthcoming. «Money: Capital Good, Consumers’ Good, or (Media of) Exchange Good? Money as a Producers’ or Consumers’ Good?» Re-view of Austrian Economics.
— Unpublished. «Human action is binary.»
BATEMARCO, Robert (1985): «Positive Economics and Praxeology: The Clash of Prediction and Explanation,» Atlantic Economic Journal, July, 13(2), pp. 31-27.
BECKER, Gary (1995): «It’s Simple: Hike the Minimum Wage, and You Put People Out of Work,» Business Week Magazine, 6 March.
BLOCK, Walter and BARNETT, William. Unpublished. «An Austrian Critique of Neo-Classical Monopoly and Monopsony Theory».
BLOCK, Walter (1973): «A Comment on “The Extraordinary Claim of Praxeology” by Professor Gutierrez,» Theory and Decision, June, 3(4), pp. 377-387.
— (1977): «Austrian Monopoly Theory - a Critique,» The Journal of Libertarian Studies, Vol. I, N.º 4, Fall, pp. 271-279.
— (1982): Amending the Combines Investigation Act, Vancouver: The Fraser Institute.
— (1986): «A Comment on “Towards an Economic Theory of Methodology” by Professor Gerard Radnitzky,» Methodology and Science, 19(2), pp. 148-152.
— (1994): «Total Repeal of Anti-trust Legislation: A Critique of Bork, Brozen and Posner, Review of Austrian Economics, Vol. 8, N.º 1, pp. 35-70; http://www.mises.org/journals/rae/pdf/rae8_1_3.pdf
— (1999): «Austrian Theorizing, Recalling the Foundations: Reply to Caplan,» Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics, Vol. 2, N.º 4, winter, pp. 21-39; http://www.mises.org/journals/qjae/pdf/qjae2_4_2.pdf; errata: http://www.mises.org/journals/qjae/pdf/qjae2_4_9.pdf
— (2003): «Realism: Austrian vs Neoclassical Economics, Reply to Caplan,» Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics, Vol. 6, N.º 3, Fall, pp. 63-77.
BÖHM-BAWERK, Eugen von: «The Historical vs. the Deductive Me-thod in Political Economy,» Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 1, 1890; and Classics in Aus-trian Economics, Volume 1: The Founding Era, Israel M. Kirz-ner, ed., London: William Pickering, 1994, pp. 108-129.
BOSTAPH, Samuel (1978): «The Methodological Debate between Carl Menger and the German Historicists,» Atlantic Eco-nomic Journal, 6(3), reprinted in Mark Blaug, ed., Carl Menger (1840-1921), Cambridge: Elgar, 1992.
BOUDREAUX, Donald J., and DILORENZO, Thomas J. (1992): «The Protectionist Roots of Antitrust,» Review of Austrian Econo-mics, Vol. 6, N.º 2, pp. 81-96.
BUCHANAN, James (1982): «The Domain of Subjective Economics: Between Predictive Science and Moral Philosophy,» in Me-thod, Process, and Austrian Economics, Israel Kirzner, ed., Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
CARD, David, and KRUEGER, Alan B. (1994): «Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fast-Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania,» American Economic Review, Vol. 84, N.º 4, September, pp. 772-793.
COWAN, Robin and RIZZO, Mario (1996): «The Genetic-Causal Tra-dition and Modern Economic Theory.» Kyklos, vol. 49, Fasc. 3, 1996, pp. 273-317.
CUBEDDU, Raimondo (1993): The Philosophy of the Austrian School. New York: Routledge, pp. 1-108.
DEERE, Donald, MURPHY, Kevin M., and WELCH, Finis (1995): «Sense and Nonsense on the Minimum Wage.» Regulation: The Cato Review of Business & Government. Vol. 18, N.º 1. http://www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/reg18n1c.html (accessed on 2/24/04).
DILORENZO, Thomas J., (1997): «The Myth of Natural Monopoly,» Review of Austrian Economics, Vol. 9, N.º 2, pp. 43-58.
DILORENZO, Tom and HIGH, Jack (1988): «Antitrust and Compe - tition, Historically Considered,» Economic Inquiry, July.
FRIEDMAN, Milton (1953): Essays in positive economics, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
GARRISON, Roger W. (1985): «Predictable Behavior: Comment. American Economic Review, vol. 75, n.º 3, June, pp. 576-78.
GORDON, David (1993a): «Ludwig von Mises and the Philosophy of History,» in The Meaning of Ludwig von Mises, Jeffrey M. Herbener ed., Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute; Boston, MA: Kluwer, pp. 118-133.
— (1993b): «The Philosophical Contributions of Ludwig von Mises,» Review of Austrian Economics, 7(1), pp. 95-106.
HIGH, Jack (1984-1985): «Bork’s Paradox: Static vs Dynamic Efficiency in Antitrust Analysis,» Contemporary Policy Issues, Vol. 3, pp. 21-34.
HOPPE, Hans-Hermann (1989): «In Defense of Extreme Rationa-lism: Thoughts on Donald McClosky’s The Rhetoric of Economics,» Review of Austrian Economics, 3, pp. 179-214.
— (1990): «Austrian Rationalism in the Age of the Decline of Positivism,» in Austrian Economics: Perspectives on the Past and Prospects for the Future, Vol. 17, Richard M. Ebeling, ed., Hillsdale, MI: Hillsdale College Press, pp. 59-96.
— (1995): Economic Science and the Austrian Method. Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute
HULSMANN, Jorg Guido (2000): «A Realist Approach to Equilibrium Analysis.» Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics. Vol. 3, N.º 4, Winter, pp. 3-51.
HUERTA DE SOTO, Jesus (1998): «The Ongoing Methodenstreit of the Austrian School,» Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines, March, (8: 1), 75-113.
KIRZNER, Israel M. (1976a): «On the Austrian Method in Econo-mics,» The Foundations of Modern Austrian Economics, Edwin G. Dolan, ed. Kansas City: Sheed and Ward, pp. 40-51.
— (1976b): The Economic Point of View, Kansas City: Sheed and Ward, 1976.
MANKIW, N. Gregory (2001): The Cost of a «Living Wage: We can’t ignore law of supply and demand.» The Boston Globe. June 24. http://post.economics.harvard.edu/faculty/mankiw/columns/bglobejune01.html
MCCHESNEY, Fred (1991): «Antitrust and Regulation: Chicago’s Contradictory Views,» Cato Journal, Vol. 10.
MENGER, Carl (1960): «Toward a Systematic Classification of the Economic Sciences,» in Essay in European Economic Thought, Louise Sommer, ed. Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand, pp. 1-38. MISES, Ludwig von (1976): Epistemological Problems in Economics, New York: New York University Press
— (1978): The Ultimate Foundation of Economic Science, Kansas City: Sheed Andrews and McMeel.
— (1985): Theory and History: An Interpretation of Social and Eco-nomic Evolution, Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute.
— (1990): «The Treatment of “Irrationality” in the Social Scien-ces,» Money, Method, and the Market Process, Richard M. Ebeling, ed., Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 16-36.
— (1998): Human Action, Chicago: Regnery.
NEUMARK, David and WASCHER, William (1995): The Effect of New Jersey’s Minimum Wage Increase on Fast-food Employment: A Re-evaluation using Payroll Records. NBER Working Paper: Cambridge, MA.
RIZZO, Mario (1979): «Praxeology and Econometrics: A Critique of Positivist Economics,» in New Directions in Austrian Eco-nomics, Louis Spadaro, ed. Kansas City: Sheed Andrews and McMeel, pp. 40-56.
ROTHBARD, Murray N. (1970): Man, Economy, and State, Los Angeles, Nash, ch. 10.
— (1951): «Praxeology: Reply to Mr. Schuller.» American Eco-nomic Review, December.
— (1957): «In Defense of Extreme Apriorism,» Southern Eco-nomic Journal, January, 23(1), pp. 314-320.
— (1976.): «Praxeology: The Methodology of Austrian Eco-nomics,» in The Foundations of Modern Austrian Economics. Edwin G. Dolan, ed., Kansas City: Sheed and Ward, pp. 19-39.
— (1993 [1970]): Man, Economy, and State, Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute.
— (1997): The Logic of Action One. Murray N. Rothbard, ed., UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited
SELGIN, George A. (1988): «Praxeology and Understanding: An Analysis of the Controversy in Austrian Economics,» Review of Austrian Economics, (2), pp. 19-58.
SHUGART II, William F. (1987): «Don’t Revise the Clayton Act, Scrap It!,» 6 Cato Journal, 925.
SMITH, Barry (1996): «In Defense of Extreme (Fallibilistic) Aprio-rism,» Journal of Libertarian Studies, 12, pp. 179-192.
SMITH, Jr., Fred L. (1983): «Why not Abolish Antitrust?».