L’ordre de marché comme croyance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52195/pm.v2i2.352Abstract
This article proposes a radically subjective theory of market order. It argues that we should reject the theories that construct a rigid notion of order around a pre-existing model (equilibrium theory and the theory of self-organising orders) (2) in favour of a conception of order from the point of view of the agents (3). In this context, order is no longer defined in terms of criteria imposed ex ante by the observer, but in terms of the rules of which it is constituted. Market order is then approached as a sui generis order which is by nature invisible, because it is mental. The market is an order because agents possess the motivation and desire to believe that it is. Under these conditions, the market order can only survive as long as it is perceived as such by individuals seeking to carry out projects of production and consumption through exchange.
Key words: equilibrium, order, and trust.
Clasificación JEL: D50.
Résumé: Cet article propose une théorie radicalement subjective de l’ordre de marché. Il propose d’écarter, d’une part, les théories qui figent l’ordre autour d’un modèle qui lui préexiste (théorie de l’équilibre et théorie des ordres auto-organisés) (2) et de développer, d’autre part, une conception de l’ordre qui prend le point de vue des acteurs (3). L’ordre n’est pas défini dans cette perspective en référence à un critère posé ex ante par l’observateur, mais par rapport aux règles qui le constituent. L’ordre de marché est alors pensé comme un ordre suis generis qui est invisible par nature puisque mental. C’est parce que les hommes ont des motifs de croire et la volonté de croire que le marché est un ordre qu’il en est un. L’ordre de marché ne se perpétue, dans ces conditions, que s’il est perçu comme tel par les individus qui cherchent à réaliser leur projet de production et de consommation par l’échange.
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