El problema de la racionalidad en la economía neoclásica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52195/pm.v2i2.354Abstract
The present work analyses the fundamental characteristics of homo oeconomicus, that is to say, the anthropological bases of the generalised economic mainstream reasoning, to demonstrate the deficiencies of this theoretical construction, particularly its incapacity to gather the social and ethical dimension of man. Considering these weaknesses, we will sys-tematise the diverse alternative proposals, insisting on the necessity to in-tegrate the «extraeconomic» dimensions within the economic reasoning, concretely, the ethical behaviour. In this sense we study specially the Humanist and Austrian schools. Finally, a set of necessary changes in the process of analysis of economic reasoning are proposed, trying to introduce anthropologic realism in economic models.
Key words: homo oeconomicus, economic anthropology, ethics, hetero-dox perspectives.
Clasificación JEL: B41, B50, B52, B53.
Resumen: El presente trabajo analiza los rasgos fundamentales del deno-minado homo oeconomicus, esto es, las bases antropológicas del razona-miento económico generalizado en la mainstream, para poner de relieve las lagunas presentes en esta construcción teórica, en particular su inca-pacidad para recoger la dimensión social y ética del hombre. Partiendo de esta crítica, sistematizaremos las diversas propuestas alternativas, hacien-do hincapié en la necesidad de integrar las dimensiones «extraeconómicas» dentro del razonamiento económico, concretamente, las referentes al com-portamiento ético. En este sentido nos detendremos especialmente en las denominadas propuestas humanista y austriaca. Finalmente, y en razón de lo anterior, se proponen una serie de cambios necesarios en el análisis de la toma racional de decisiones por los agentes en Economía.
Palabras clave: homo oeconomicus, antropología económica, ética, escue-las heterodoxas.
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